Bibliography on Mangle negro (Avicennia germinans) L.

Black mangrove is a tree that occurs from the United States to Perú and The Antillas. It grows in humid tropical environments with annual rainfall of 1000 to 1600 mm and temperatures between 22 to 28 ° C, in soils with high salinity conditions, since it is the mangrove species with the greatest tolerance to these conditions. It can reach a height between 15 to 30 m and diameters of 20 to 60 cm. It has opposite leaves, pale greenish-gray, shiny on the upper part. They are larger than most mangroves, measuring 4.5 to 15 cm long, and oblong to lanceolate in shape. The flowers are small approximately 0.2 cm and white or yellow, they bloom from November to May. The fruit measures 1cm on average and has an irregular oblique shape (Gómez & Flores, 2003; IICA / CATIE, s.f.)

This species has a large number of roots that protrude from the substrate and are known as pneumatophores, which have respiratory pores. A. germinans has adapted to secrete salt from the surface of its leaves, for this reason it can grow in areas with high salinity. If it does not rain, the salt crystallizes and can be easily observed on the surface of its leaves. (Ecoexploratorio, n.d.).

Taxonomy:

Family	Acanthaceae
Genus	Avicennia
Species	Avicennia germinans
Synonyms	Avicennia africana P.Beauv., Avicennia elliptica Thunb., Avicennia floridana Gand.
Common name	Black Mangrove, Mangle Negro, Mangle Prieto

PDF, Articles, Books on Avicennia germinans L.

BIBLIOTECA CONMEMORATICA ORTON (IICA / CATIE)
n.d.
Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn.

Downloadable online:
http://orton.catie.ac.cr/repdoc/A0008s/A0008s96.pdf

CONABIO, CONAFOR
s.f.
Avicennia germinans (L.) L.

Downloadable online:
www.conafor.gob.mx:8080/documentos/docs/13/888Avicennia germinans.pdf

ESPINOSA, L., ANGELES, G., LÓPEZ, J. and S. BÁRRALES
2009
Variación anatómica de la madera de Avicennia germinans en la Laguna de La Mancha, Veracruz, México. Bol. Soc. Bot. Méx no.85.

Downloadable online:
www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0366-21282009000200002

FELLER, I. C., LOVELOCK, C. E. and K. L. McKEE
2007
Nutrient Addition Differentially Affects Ecological Processes of Avicennia germinans in Nitrogen versus Phosphorus Limited Mangrove Ecosystems. Ecosystems volume 10, pages 347–359.

Available online:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10021-007-9025-z

FUENTES, A., CASTILLO, F. J., DÁCILA, C. V., MORALES, A. S., SALAZAR, C. and M. L. LENDÍNEZ
2013
Study of the vegetation in the Multiple Use Natural Reserve of Monterrico (Guatemala). An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology: Official Journal of the Societa Botanica Italiana, 148:6, 1064-1074.

Downloadable online:
www.researchgate.net/publication/269775093_Study_of_the_vegetation_in_the_Multiple_Use
_Natural_Reserve_of_Monterrico_Guatemala

GÓMEZ, J. and R. FLORES
2003
El fascinante mundo del manglar. Secretaría de Marina Armada de México, IV Sector Naval Militar de Chetumal. 23 pages.

Downloadable online:
www.crc.uri.edu/download/ChetBay_MangrovePub_03.pdf

JIMÉNEZ, J. and A. LUGO
s.f.
Avicennia germinans (L.) L. SO-ITF-SM-4. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station. 6 p.

Instant online:
https://rngr.net/publications/arboles-de-puerto-rico/avicennia-germinans/at_download/file

LAMBS, L. and E. FRANCOIS
2008
Mangrove trees growing in a very saline condition but not using seawater. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. V. 22, Issue 18 pages 2835-2843.

Available online:
https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/rcm.3676

LÓPEZ, J. and E. EZCURRA
1985
Litter Fall of Avicennia germinans L. in a One-Year Cycle in a Mudflat at the Laguna de Mecoacan, Tabasco, Mexico. Biotropica. Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 186-190.

Downloadable online:
www.jstor.org/stable/2388215

NETTEL, A., DODD, R., OCHOA, M., TOVILLA, C. and J. DÍAS
2013
Mating system analyses of tropical populations of the Black Mangrove Avicennia germinans (L.) L. (Avicenniaceae). Botanical Sciences 91 (1): 115-117

Downloadable online:
www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2007-42982013000100010

PERRY, C. L. and I. A. MENDELSSOHN
2009
Ecosystem effects of expanding populations of Avicennia germinans in a Louisiana salt marsh. Wetlands 29, 396–406.

Available online:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1672/08-100.1#citeas

SUÁREZ, N. and E. MEDINA
2005
Salinity effect on plant growth and leaf demography of the mangrove, Avicennia germinans L. Trees 19, 722.

Downloadable online:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00468-005-0001-y#citeas